Today’s children and families often have limited opportunities to connect with the natural environment. Children spend more time watching television and playing video games on computers than they do being physically active outside. Families are eating more processed, high-calorie foods due to their busy schedules which makes a family sit-down meal a rare event. These changes have led to an epidemic of childhood obesity, which presents serious health threats for children including heart disease, diabetes, sleep apnea, and social and psychological problems. Today in Europe more than one-third of young children are considered overweight and obese. In the past decade, the benefits of connecting to nature have been well-documented in numerous scientific research studies and publications. Collectively, this body of research shows that children’s social, psychological, academic, and physical health is positively impacted when they have daily contact with nature.
Positive impacts include the following
• Supports multiple development domains. Nature is important to children’s development in every major way—intellectually, emotionally, socially, spiritually, and physically.
• Supports creativity and problem-solving. Studies of children in schoolyards found that children engage in more creative forms of play in the green areas. They also played more cooperatively.
• Play in nature is especially important for developing capacities for creativity, problem-solving, and intellectual development.
• Enhances cognitive abilities. Proximity to, views of, and daily exposure to natural settings increases children’s ability to focus and enhances cognitive abilities.
• Improves academic performance. Studies around the world show that schools that use outdoor classrooms and other forms of nature-based experiential education support significant student gains in social studies, science, language arts, and math.
Reduces Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) symptoms. Contact with the natural world can significantly reduce symptoms of attention deficit disorder in children as young as five years old
• Increases physical activity. Children who experience school grounds with diverse natural settings are more physically active, more aware of nutrition, more civil to one another and more creative.
Children who grow their food are more likely to eat fruits and vegetables and to show higher levels of nutrition knowledge. They are also more likely to continue healthy eating habits throughout their lives
• Improves eyesight. More time spent outdoors is related to reduced rates of nearsightedness, also known as myopia, in children and adolescents.
• Improves social relations. Children will be smarter, better able to get along with others, healthier, and happier when they have regular opportunities for free and unstructured play in the out-of-doors
• Improves self-discipline. Access to green spaces, and even a view of green settings, enhances peace, self-control, and self-discipline among inner-city youth, and particularly girls.
• Reduces stress. Green plants and vistas reduce stress among highly stressed children. Locations with a greater number of plants, greener views, and access to natural play areas show more significant results.
